What is tooth whitening?

Tooth whitening is a specialised dental procedure to lighten the shade of teeth and remove stains caused by regular consumption of dark-coloured drinks and foods such as tea, coffee, red wine, berries, and soy sauce.

Tooth discolouration is categorised into two types:

• Internal discolouration affects the inside of the tooth. Common causes include the natural ageing process, certain health conditions, types of medications and tooth injuries.
• Extrinsic discolouration occurs when certain substances (tobacco stains, beverages, and foods) negatively impact the colour of the tooth's surface.

What are the causes of tooth discolouration?

Several factors play a role in tooth discolouration, such as the following:

• Ageing: Over time, the tooth enamel thins out, exposing the underlying dentin, which is naturally darker than enamel.
• Underlying health conditions: Certain medical conditions, such as calcium deficiency, liver disease, celiac disease, metabolic disorders, and eating disorders, can lead to tooth discolouration.
• Treatments for cancer: Cancer treatments such as radiation therapy and chemotherapy can increase the risk of tooth discolouration.

What does the teeth whitening process involve?

Teeth whitening treatments are effective, safe, and offer long-lasting results. The oral hygienist or dentist coats the teeth with a whitening gel and repeats the process for three to four rounds. Each treatment is adequately spaced and applied every fifteen minutes.

Are there any adverse effects?

The American Dental Association has approved a few teeth-whitening products. However, it's important to receive treatment and advice from a licensed healthcare professional on the safest products to use. Some at-home, over-the-counter teeth whitening products can be too abrasive and result in damage to the teeth over an extended period. Dental professionals are experienced and skilled in this area and will be able to caution you about the long-term or improper use of these products.

Heightened tooth sensitivity and gum irritation are common side effects experienced from the use of peroxide solutions and teeth bleaching. Teeth whitening is not recommended for those with highly sensitive teeth, periodontal disease or oral cancer. Those with worn tooth enamel and tooth decay don’t qualify for the procedure. This is why it's so important to consult your dentist to receive a full oral examination to determine whether you qualify for teeth whitening treatments.

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